Xam singing – a form of Vietnamese folk music – originated during the feudal era and is closely associated with the livelihoods of the visually impaired. Despite many ups and downs, these Xam melodies have become a treasured part of Vietnam’s intangible cultural heritage. Once thought too archaic to find a place in the modern world, Xam singing is now making a strong comeback, capturing the imagination of young people through innovative, creative approaches.

Trams travelled along the streets of downtown Hanoi prior to the 1990s. Passengers were familiar with “Xam” melodies, a folk singing genre in the Tonkin region. Now that trams are long gone from the city, people can turn back time to watch a special performance on a night tour called “Xam on the bus”.